What is Pulmonary Hypertension?
- Pulmonary hypertension is a medical condition characterized by high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs.
- It occurs when the small blood vessels in the lungs become narrow or blocked, leading to increased resistance to blood flow through the lungs.
- This condition makes it harder for the heart to pump blood through the lungs, leading to increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries.
- As a result, the right side of the heart must work harder to push blood through the lungs, eventually leading to right-sided heart failure if left untreated.
- Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension may include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, dizziness, fainting, and swelling in the ankles and legs.
Causes and Risk Factors
1. Pulmonary hypertension can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions, including:
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Congenital heart disease
- Pulmonary embolism
- Connective tissue diseases
- Sleep apnea
2. Other risk factors may include:
- Family history of pulmonary hypertension
- Being overweight or obese
- History of blood clots
- Living at high altitudes
- Certain drugs and medications
Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis often involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various tests, including echocardiogram, pulmonary function tests, blood tests, and sometimes right heart catheterization.
- Treatment may involve addressing the underlying cause, medications to reduce blood pressure in the lungs, oxygen therapy, and in severe cases, lung transplantation or atrial septostomy.
Living with Pulmonary Hypertension
- Managing pulmonary hypertension involves lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, staying physically active, following a healthy diet, and taking prescribed medications as directed.
- Regular follow-up with healthcare providers and support from family and friends are essential for managing this condition effectively.
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